PROPERTY OF SOLIDSTATE CONTROLS, INC. 7/1998
All SCI UPS Systems are designed to operate from virtually any commercially available battery
bank which exhibits the proper voltage range and current capacity to power that particular UPS.
Choosing the proper battery for the application then becomes one of examining these various
parameters and choosing the one most suitable for the particular application. The following is an
analysis of various battery types and methods for sizing these batteries utilizing the battery
manufacturer’s data.
These batteries fall into two general types: Stationary and sealed.
Stationary batteries are those which require ventilation due to the fact that they are designed to
release gases into the atmosphere including hydrogen when they are charging. Consequently,
these batteries also require routine maintenance such as periodic watering, specific gravity, and
voltage checks. In general, these batteries are longer-lived than sealed batteries.
Sealed batteries are those which are essentially sealed and release only small amounts of gas
under high internal pressure as a safety precaution. This would probably be a result of severe
overcharging. Normally, the hydrogen and oxygen gases generated as a result of battery charging,
recombine within the battery as water. No watering is necessary or possible.
The following batteries are examples of types normally used for UPS back up.
This type offers the best cost versus service reliability for stationary batteries available for UPS
installations. These batteries typically carry a 20-year warranty and have a 20-25 year life
expectancy when used under float conditions. Hydrogen generation is low compared to lead
antimony batteries and when maintained at a float voltage of 2.25 volts/cell, do not require
routine equalization. Maintenance consists of watering, terminal cleaning, and checking
electrolyte specific gravity at six-month intervals. Equalization is necessary only upon initial
energization.
These batteries generally are equal in size and capacity to the lead calcium batteries. Usually
they are warranted for 15-20 years, with a life expectancy of 15-22 years. These batteries are
normally better suited for applications where they are cycled rather than in full float application.
Hydrogen generation is considerably greater than lead calcium batteries and maintenance is
required more frequently, including periodic (monthly) equalization, and weekly watering
checks with additions as necessary.
NICAD batteries are the most expensive of the stationary types discussed, costing
approximately two to three times calcium batteries. Although it requires 92 cells of nickel
cadmium to equal 60 cells of lead calcium, they still have an advantage in being smaller in size
and weight for a given capacity. They also have excellent low temperature and high
temperature properties and have an exceptionally long service life even at high temperatures.
Service life expectancy under normal conditions is approximately 25 years or more.
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